Cytotoxicity of two Thai white portland cements mixed with bismuth oxide in human alveolar osteoblasts

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of white ProRoot® MTA and two Thai White Portland cement mixed with bismuth oxide; Chang and Kilan to primary human alveolar bone osteoblasts by assessing cell viability and investigating cell morphology and attachment. Chang, Kilan and white ProRoot® MTA were mixed with distilled water. Human alveolar bone osteoblasts were exposed to material extracts from different time: 1, 3, 7, 14 days. Cell viability was assessed using Methyltetrazolium assay and showed as relative percent of the survival rate of experimental group to control group. Differences in mean cell viability between materials and extraction times were analyzed by One-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). In addition, cells were seeded on the material disc and incubated for 24 and 72 hours. Cell morphology and attachment were observed by scanning electron microscope. All day 1 material extracts were more toxic than other time points especially Kilan extracts. There were differences of percents cell viability of material extract at day 1, 3 and 7. However at day 14 those of all material extracts were not different. Cells were able to attach and well spread on all material within both 24 and 72 hours. This study showed that Chang and Kilan were not more toxic than white ProRoot® MTA to primary human alveolar bone osteoblasts at days 3, 7 and 14. Cells could attach to Chang and Kilan in a similar fashion to white ProRoot® MTA.