Minahasa and the republic of Indonesia-the problem of ethnic diversity

Abstract

Minahasa is a part of Indonesia’s province North Sulawesi. The fact that this region is predominantly Christian distinguishes it from most parts of Indonesia. The roots of these differences date back to the colonial times, when Minahasa was subject to Dutch colonialism. This led to a high education, wealth and the orientation towards the Dutch. Over the time however, Minahasa changed from Dutch protégés towards Indonesian nationalists. Today, Minahasa appears to be an integral part of Indonesia despite cultural differences. The question why there have not been any violent clashes as the neighbouring provinces have experienced is examined and assessed. It is suggested that Minahasa’s and North Sulawesi’s population sees a somewhat equal distribution of wealth and has a rather fair political representation. Besides religion and culture, these two factors can contribute to violence which is often labelled “religious violence”. Since Minahasa and North Sulawesi do not face these inequalities, there have not been violent clashes so far. However, certain movements are present in Minahasa that might be able and willing to challenge the central authorities. Only if the central government drifts towards Muslim-oriented laws and bills, then Jakarta will face threats from North Sulawesi. Until now, separatist threats in Minahasa are a bargaining power and not a real secessionist threat. The future of Minahasa within Indonesia seems secure provided no major changes in politics occur. A suggestion for Indonesia’s future might be federalism as it would ensure cultural and ethnic autonomy.