Histopathology of siamese glassfish Parambassis siamensis liver at Klong 7 agricultural area, Pathum Thani Province

Abstract

Histological alteration of the liver tissue of the Siamese glassfish Parambassis siamensis and organochlorine pesticide residues in water at Klong 7 agricultural area, Pathum Thani Province were studied. Water were sampled during March to December 2004 and fish were collected during March and April 2004 (summer) and May to August 2004 (rainy season). Histological alteration was studied on the H&E staining permanent slides preparation. Lipid droplet deposits were studied with Oil red O staining technique. Glycogen deposits were studied with PAS staining technique. Water samples were collected from 3 sites for determining organochloine residues with GC-[micro]ECD, using 17 types of universal standards. Organochloine peticide residues; alpha BHC, gamma BHC, beta BHC, heptachlor, delta BHC, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan I, 4, 4'-DDE, dieldrin, endrin, 4, 4'-DDD, endosulfan II, 4, 4'-DDT, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan sulfate, and methoxychlor werefound. Among these residues, endosulfan and its derivatives were in highest concentration. The results indicate the previous used of organochlorine compounds in the area. However, the residues of each compound did not exceed the Maximum Allowable Concentration in drinking water standards. Moreover, most organochlorine pesticide residues in water were found higher in rainy season than in summer. Histopathology of the Siamese glassfish liver at Klong 7 in summer and rainy season exhibited the same histological changes. The damages revealed varieties of changes from mild to severe i.e. fat droplet and hyaline granule accumulation, sinusoid dilatation and blood congestion, pyknotic nucleus and karyolysis, detachment of endothelial cell from blood vessels, focal and diffuse necrosis near blood vessels. The histochemical study of fish liver at Klong 7 in summer and rainy season showed the increase of both lipid droplets and glycogen deposits. Fish treated with endosulfan (0.01, 0.06, 0.5, and 1 microgram/L) showedhistological alteration of liver less than the fish collected from Klong 7 both in summer and rainy season. The histochemical study in endosulfan treated fish showed a reduction of both lipid droplets and glycogen deposits. It can be concluded that the water from Klong 7 agricultural area, Pathum Thani Province has the potential to cause histopathological and histochemical alteration in fish liver.