การเตรียมและตรวจสอบผลิตภัณฑ์ประกอบแต่งไม้พลาสติก ที่เตรียมจากพอลิไวนิลคลอไรด์และผงไม้

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to prepare and characterize Wood Plastic Composites (WPC) made from (Poly(vinyl chloride), PVC) and wood flour. WPCs were prepared from wood flours obtained from trees grown in tropical area. Teak flour was selected to represent softwood and Simese Sal (or Selangan batu or Balau) flour was selected to represent hardwood. Specifically the effects imparted by the amount of each wood flour and the influences of their particle sizes on the mechanical and thermal properties of WPCs were evaluated. PVC was used as the matrix while teak flour and balau flour was used as the filler at 20, 40, 60, and 80 phr. Each flour was of various particle sizes with a top cut of 45, 75, 106, 180 and 250 µm. Experimental results showed that the modulus of PVC/teak flour and PVC/balau flour composites increased with greater content of teak flour and balau flour. This was due to the higher stiffness imparted by both types of wood flour. The flexural and compressive strength increased but the tensile strength and the impact strength decreased with increasing flour content. The influences of particle sizes of the wood flour was evident in the impact strength of each WPC. However the particle size of each wood flour did not affect the flexural and compressive strength. Thermal analysis of PVC/wood flour composites of both types indicated that the degradation temperature of the PVC/wood flour was lower than that of the PVC matrix. This was induced by the wood flour whose decomposition temperature was lower than that of the PVC matrix. The glass transition temperature of most PVC/teak flour and PVC/balau flour composites was found to decrease. The heat deflection temperature of the PVC/wood flour composites was raised from 78 to 81°c. The water absorption of the WPCs increased with higher wood flour filler volume. Wood flour contained numerous hydroxyl groups which were available for interaction with water molecules. The PVC/balau flour composite exhibited higher compression and impact properties than the PVC/teak flour. The mechanical properties of the WPCs prepared from Poly(vinyl chloride) and teak or balau flour in the present study were comparable with those of commercially by available WPCs prepared from moderate wood flour.