Surveillance of economic and public health important respiratory and enteric viruses in dogs and pigs in Yangon, Myanmar

Abstract

Canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRD) and Canine gastroenteritis (CGE) are major important diseases of dogs. Porcine Respiratory Disease complex (PRDC) and Porcine Enteric Disease complex (PEDC) are major economic and public health important diseases of pigs. The objectives of this study were 1) to detect and 2) to genetically characterize the economical and public health important respiratory and enteric viruses of dogs and pigs in Yangon, Myanmar during January, 2018 to October, 2019. In this thesis, 143 nasal swabs and 143 rectal swabs from 2 small animal clinics and 2 dog shelters were tested for canine respiratory viruses including Canine Influenza virus (CIV) and Canine Parainfluenza virus (CPIV5) and canine enteric viruses including Canine Parvovirus type 2 (CPV2) and Canine Rotavirus (CRV). In this thesis, 600 nasal swabs and 600 rectal swabs were collected from 10 pig farms were tested for swine respiratory viruses including Swine Influenza virus (SIV), Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive virus (PRRSV) and swine enteric virus including Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDV). Our result showed that the CPV2 and CRV could be detected from dog samples and the SIV, PCV2 and PRRSV were detected from pig samples. The occurrence of each viruses was 25.27% (36/143) for CPV2, 0.01% (1/143) for CRV, 9.2% (11/120) for SIV, 31.7% (38/120) for PCV2 and 2.5% (3/120). Phylogenetic and genetic analyses result of complete VP2 gene of 15 selected Myanmar CPV2 revealed that Myanmar viruses could be subtyped as CPV-2c. 5 SIVs could be subtyped as pdmH1N1(n=3), rH1N1(n=1) and rH3N2(n=1). Phylogenetically and genetically, Myanmar SIVs possessed 3 genetic constellations. Phylogenetic and genotypic analyses of ORF2 gene and complete PCV2 sequences revealed that Myanmar PCV2 could be typed as PCV2b-1a, PCV2d-2 and PCV2e. In conclusion, we conducted a survey of economic and public health important respiratory and enteric viruses in dogs and pigs in Yangon Region, Myanmar and found that canine enteric virus (CPV) and swine respiratory viruses (SIV, PCV2 and PRRSV) are major causes of viral diseases of pigs in Myanmar. The information from this thesis are useful for Government, Ministry and local authorities as well as farmers, farm owners, pet owners and Veterinarians for disease prevention, control and vaccination strategies.