Effectiveness of self-management education through crocheting in improving quality of life and blood glucose level among adult female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in public health centers Bangkok Thailand: quasi-experimental study

Abstract

One of Diabetic treatment goal is optimum quality of life. DM patients are suggested to control blood glucose to be in the normal range. Stress may increase blood sugar levels. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is important for patient’s diabetes management. Outcomes of DSME trend to related with the elements of the DSME interventions. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of self-management education through crocheting program in improving quality of life (QOL) and blood glucose level among adult female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in public health centers Bangkok Thailand. A quasi-experimental study with control group was conducted in 2 public health centors. By multistage purposeful sampling technique, 39 adult female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected from each public health center to be study participants. The education program was implemented for intervention group during September – December 2017 by add up to standard service of public health center, while the control group receive standard care as usual. Descriptive statistics were used to describe participants’ characteristics. The effectiveness of intervention was estimated by regression coefficient of intervention on the change of HbA1c and quality of life. The results indicated that most of participants were housewife (54.5 %), had primary education (79.2 %), had sedentary lifestyle or had some walk (81.8%), were overweight or obese (62.4)%, had moderate stress (64.94 %), had higher awareness and acceptance (55.8% and 50.6%, respectively), had higher knowledge and self-care (67.5% and 51.9%, respectively), and had moderate QOL (64.9%). Average HbA1c (SD) at baseline was 8.26 (.74). After intervention, there were significant change in awareness (p<.001), acceptance (p<.001), QOL (p = .041), and HbA1c (p = .009). To calculate coefficients of intervention on blood glucose level and QOL, hierarchical regression approach was used. For the change of HbA1c, R² was .183, and standardized coefficient of intervention on the change of HbA1c was -.498 (p = .002). For the change of QOL, R² was .054, and standardized coefficient of intervention on the change of HbA1c was .233 (p = .042). The results indicated that, intervention respond around 50% of each unit decrease of HbA1c when influence of other factors was control. The regression equation can explain around 18% of HbA1c variation. For QOL, intervention respond around 23% of each unit increase of QOL when influence of other factors was control, however, this equation can explain around 5% of QOL variation. In conclusion, this self-management education through crocheting program has benefit for female adult patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus in glycemic control and quality of life improvement.