Effects of selected Thai ancient remedies extracts on mutagenicity and antimutagenicity using Ames test

Abstract

The extracts of selected Thai household ancient remedies namely, Chantaleela, Prasachandang, Keawhom, Treehom, Ummalukkawatee, Prasamawaeng, Wisampayayai, Thoraneesantakat and Homtip-osot were determined the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity effects in the absence of metabolic activation using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. It was found that most ethanolic and water extracts of selected Thai ancient remedies in treating without nitrite were not directly mutagenic, except that the ethanolic extract of Treehom exhibited mutagenicity. The mutagenic index of ethanolic Treehom extract was 3.64 and 2.21 on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and Salmonella typhimurium TA100 respectively. However, after treating with nitrite, all extracts showed the mutagenicity against both strains. It was demonstrated that the ethanolic and water extracts of Thoraneesantakat showed the highest mutagenic index on TA98 and TA100. Furthermore ethanolic extracts seemed to be more mutagenic than water extracts. The antimutagenicity of Thai ancient remedies extracts against the product of the reaction mixture of 1-aminopyrene-nitrite model in the absence of metabolic activation. The results showed ethanolic of Wisampayayai remedy (10mg/plate) showed the highest antimutagenicity on TA98 (155%) and ethanolic of Chantaleela remedy (15mg/plate) showed the highest antimutagenicity on TA100 (107%).