Development of paper-based microfluidic devices for the determination of albumin, creatinine, cholesterol, and glucose

Abstract

This work concentrates on the development of diagnotic device for heart disease, kidney failure, diabetes, and hypertension that affected by the levels of glucose, cholesterol, albumin, and creatinine. Paper-based microfluidic devices (µPADs) with colorimetric method were used to determine these analytes. First, the Photolithography was used to fabricate the devices, but the cost of photoresist polymer is very expensive, then wax-dipping and wax-printing method were also used. µPADs were used to detect cholesterol, and glucose. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curves between the color intensity and concentration of analytes were obtained. The plot of these relationship indicated that the cholesterol linearity was 50-400 mg dL-¹ and the glucose linearity was 0-400 mg.dL-¹. In this work, the novel method for the determination of glucose was also proposed by malachite green reaction, the linearity of this method was in the range of 40-120 mg.dL-¹ with R² of 0.9924. The %RSD was found to be 1.5-2.0. In addition, µPADs were used to detect albumin and creatinine by using AuNPs. The size of AuNPs were obtained as 40 nm for determination of creatinine, and 20 nm for determination of albumin. The concentration of AuNPs used was 1000 mg.L-¹ for both albumin and creatinine detection.