CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND CYTOTOXICITY FROM ROOTS OF Clerodendrum paniculatum, THE STEM BARK OF Walsura trichostemon AND TUBER OF Butea superba

Abstract

The phytochemical investigation of the CH2Cl2 crud extract from the roots of C. paniculatum Linn. afforded six known compounds, β-sitosterol (1.1), lupeol (1.2), oleanolic aldehyde acetate (1.3), the mixture of stigmasta-4,25-diene-3-one (1.4) and (22E)-stigmasta-4,22,25-trien-3-one (1.5) and (3β)-stigmasta-4,22,25-trien-3ol (1.6). All isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against KB and HeLa cell lines, oleanolic aldehyde acetate (1.3) showed significant cytotoxic activity against the KB cell line with IC50 value of 9.58 µg/mL. On the other hand, (3β)-stigmasta-4,22,25-trien-3ol (1.6) also exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against the KB cell line with IC50 value of 13.14 µg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on chemical constituents and biological activity from this plant. The various chromatographic techniques of EtOAc and acetone crude extracts from the bark of W. trichostemon Miq. led to the isolation of a new tirucallane, trichostomonoate (2.1), along with eight known compounds, mangstenone F (2.2), desmethoxy kaunugin (2.3), grandifolinolenenone (2.4), cholest-4-en-6β-ol-3-one (2.5), sapelin E acetate (2.6), α-mangostin (2.7) 11α,20-dihydroxydammar-24-ene-3-one (2.8) and kaempferol (2.9). The new compound (2.1) displayed good potent cytotoxicity against only HeLa cells (IC50 3.8 µg/mL) in the in vitro tumor cell panel and showed moderate cytotoxicity against KB, COLO 205 and LLC cells (IC50 4.4, 5.3 and 5.5 µg/mL, respectively). The isolation and purification of the CH2Cl2, acetone and MeOH extracts from the tuber of B. superba Roxb. yielded the isolation of seven known compounds, β-sitosterol (1.1), 8-O-methylretusin (3.1), (6αR,11αR)-medicarpin (3.2), formononetin (3.3), 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexacosanoate (3.4), ononin (3.5) and daidzein-7-O-glucoside (3.6). Compound 3.6 displayed moderate cytotoxicity against KB and HepG-2 (IC50 5.32 and 10.13 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, compounds 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.5 and 3.6 were reported for the first time for this plant.