THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A DIABETES MELLITUS PICTORIAL DIARY HANDBOOK PROGRAM FOR MIDDLE AGED AND ELDERLY TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS: A QUASI EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AT HEALTH PROMOTING HOSPITALS TALADNOI SARABURI PROVINCE THAILAND

Abstract

The Pictorial Diary Handbook Program is a nonpharmacological treatment, designed for diabetes mellitus type 2 aged 50-70-year-old in Taladnoi, Horathep, and Khokyai Primary Care Unit which was based on Protection Motivation Theory. The general objective of this quasi-experimental study was to develop the Pictorial Diary Handbook Program for diabetes mellitus type 2 aged 50-70-year-old in Saraburi, Thailand. The specific objectives of this research were to 1) To compare the Biomarkers (Hba1c, FBS, BMI) between diabetes mellitus type II patients in the intervention group and the control group 2) To compare knowledge, perceived, and practice regarding self-care behavior on diet control, oral hypoglycemic drug taking/ other drug, self-health care, weight management and blood sugar control in the intervention group and the control group 3) To compare the Biomarkers (Hba1c, FBS, BMI) of diabetes mellitus type II patients within groups before and after implementation of the Diabetes Mellitus Pictorial Diary Handbook Program 4) To compare knowledge, perceived, and practice regarding self-care behavior on diet control, oral hypoglycemic drug taking/ other drug, self-health care, weight management and blood sugar control within group before and after implementation of the Diabetes Mellitus Pictorial Diary Handbook Program. The sample of this study was 140 participants, aged 50-70 years, were assigned to the intervention group (n=70) and the control group (n=70). The study examinations included Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), Body Mass Index (BMI), knowledge, perceive, practice regarding self-care behavior on diet control, oral hypoglycemic drug taking/ other drug, self-health care, weight management and blood sugar control. The concept of Protection Motivation Theory in the intervention group receiving Pictorial Diary Handbook Program consisted of group health education every month for 3 months. Also, individual home visits for answering the questions were utilized to remind each participant of the scheduled Pictorial Diary Handbook Program. The measurements of dependent variables were conducted three times: at baseline, after the intervention (three months), and the follow-up period (6 months). Data were analyzed using Chi-square, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. The findings showed a significant different (p value<5) improvement in Bio-Markers measurements (BMI, FBS, HbA1c) including KPP (knowledge, perceive, and practice regarding self-care behavior on diet control, oral hypoglycemic drug taking/ another drug, self-health care, weight management and blood sugar control. Conclusion, the Pictorial Diary Handbook Program could enable blood sugar level control (FBS, HbA1c), and weight management (BMI), increase knowledge, promote positive perception, and enhance their practice to control blood sugar level in diabetes mellitus type 2.