Bioactive compounds from the vine of Ficus foveolata Wall.

Abstract

This is the first report in the chemical constituent investigation from the vine of Ficus foveolata Wall. Ten compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane and butanolic extracts using chromatographic methods. Physical properties and spectroscopic evidences led to the structural elucidation of all isolated compounds as resveratrol (1), isorhapongetin (2), pinosylvin (3), gnetol (4), 24-hydroxy-tetracosyl ferulate (5), a mixture of 1,22-docosanediol diferluate and 1,24-tetracosanediol diferulate (6), galangin 3-methyl ether (7), tectochrysin (8), 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone (9), quercetin (10). Among them, 1,22-docosanediol diferluate was characterized as a new naturally occurring compound. Moreover, all isolated compounds were further evaluated their biological activities; anticholinesterase, anti-α-glucosidase and anti-inflammatory activities. The results found that gnetol (4) exhibited the high selectivity on butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) over acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The IC50 value of compound 4 toward BChE was 1.27 M which 20 folds higher than standard galanthamine. In addition, quercetin (10) and gnetol (4) showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 5.62 and 17.21 M, respectively. Both showed 40 and 120 folds higher than those of standard acarbose, respectively. Of isolated compounds, quercetin (10) was significantly potential inhibition on the nitric oxide production in macrophages at concentration of 5 µg/mL.