In vitro study of the effect of gold nanoparticles on SW 620 and HCT 116 colon cancer cell lines

Abstract

Colon cancer acts as a third most leading role in causing death among all the cancer types. Because cancer cells developed resistance against the chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and inability of using surgical treatment methods for advanced metastasis colon cancer, there is a higher demand of more targeted treatment method. Parameter plays a role in cancer metastasis as angiogenesis; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is as a pro-angiogenic factor for angiogenesis. Colorectal cancer cells have VEGF in very high concentration when compared to normal colon epithelial cells. Based on those findings, scientists developed Bevacizumab, humanized monoclonal antibody, which is capable of binds to all the isomers of VEGF-A. Even though patients treat with targeted therapies, cancer cells show advanced metastasis either by developing new pathways for metastasis or by developing resistance against the treatment. Gold Nanoparticles are a better candidate in various medical applications such as treating cancer as a treatment, drug or gene delivery system, and molecular detection system. Because of its ability to bind with VEGF, gold nanoparticles become the better candidate for cancer treatment. With all these understandings, this study aimed to determine the effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on SW620 and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines. Using SW620 and HCT116 cell lines, treatment with various sizes of Sodium borate (SB) and Sodium citrate (SC) stabilized GNPs for 24h. In our findings, SB stabilized GNPs decreased the cell viability, cell migration and induce cell necrosis. Moreover, SB stabilized GNPs decreased VEGF expression levels in both the cancer cell lines. But, only HCT116 showed decreased HIF-1-alpha expression levels when treated with SB stabilized GNPs. Our results conclude that effect of GNPs on colon cancer cell lines by stabilizing agent dependent pattern. These findings suggest that GNP-SB can be a promising alternative treatment for colorectal malignancy in medicine.