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The objective of this research is to study the toxicity and residue of 40, 80 and 160 ppb aflatoxin B 1 (AFB1) in fresh water fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by determination of white blood cell parameters, hepatic enzyme activities, histopathological changes of liver, kidney, spleen, intestine and gill, the residue of AFB1 in the muscle and fecal excretion levels of AFB1 residues. The results of this study indicate that the average cell counts of monocyte and neutrophil were significantly higher in the AFB1-treated groups than in the control group, whereas lymphocyte counts were significantly lower. GPT, GOT, ALP and GGT levels were significantly increased in the AFB1-treated groups, in comparison to the control group. For histopathological study, hepatic cell degeneration and necrosis, renal tubular cell degeneration, intestinal mucosa slough off, secondary gill lamella inflammation have been found. The single oral dose experiment with 40, 80 and 160 ppb AFB1, the AFB1 residual levels in the muscle were highest in the 160 ppb AFB1-treated group with mean value of 0.93 + - 0.35 ppb on the 96 [superscript th] hour of the experiment. After the 96 [superscript th] hour of the experiment, all AFB1-treated groups showed markedly decreasing of the muscle levels of AFB1 residues over the experimental period. The fecal excretion levels of AFB1 residues were highest with mean value of 8.32 ppb on the 24 [superscript th] hour of the experiment. Fecal excretion levels of AFB1 residues decreased over the experimental period. The 7-day multiple oral dose experiment with 40, 80 and 160 ppb AFB1, the AFB1 residual levels in the muscle were highest in the 160 ppb AFB1-treated group with mean value of 1.31 + - 0.33 ppb on the 72 [superscript th] hour of the experiment. Over the last experimental period, the muscle levels of AFB1 residues decreased in all AFB1-treated groups. The fecal excretion levels of AFB1 residues were highest with mean value of 34.53 ppb on the 96 [superscript th] hour of the experiment. After the 96 [superscript th] hour of the experiment, all AFB1-treated groups showed markedly decreasing of the fecal levels of AFB1 residues over the experimental period. The results of this study indicate that the 7-day interval after the withdrawal of the single oral dose experiment and the 10-day interval after the withdrawal of the 7-day multiple oral dose experiment were effective for reducing the residual level, and sufficient to ensure a safe level. |
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