Prevalence, perception and risk factors of canine obesity in Thailand

Abstract

The proportion of obese dogs is increasing worldwide. It has become a topic of interest as it can impair quality of dog’s life and reduce longevity. The objectives of this study were to determine prevalence and risk factors of canine obesity in Thailand, misperception of owner on body shape of dogs and relationship between canine obesity and laboratory parameters. A cross-sectional study was performed with dogs aged over 1 year regardless of breed, sex and health status from 6 regions of Thailand (n=2,401). Results showed that prevalence of canine obesity was 42.94%. Risk factors by multivariable analyses were age 3-8 years old (OR=1.98), neutering (OR=1.63), snacking once daily (OR=1.47), and having obese dogs in the same household (OR=2.37). A comparison of body shape evaluation by owners and veterinarian showed discrepancy of these two assessments (p<0.0001) with 18.5% of dog owners underestimated their dogs’ body shape. Risk factors of underestimation were age >8 years old (OR= 1.90) and neutering (OR= 1.26). Blood collection was done for hematology and blood chemistry profile evaluation in two groups of dogs; clinically healthy non-obese dogs (n=50) and obese dogs (n=50). Total cholesterol and triglyceride were higher in obese dogs compared with non-obese dogs (p<0.05).

In conclusion, this is the first report about prevalence of canine obesity in Thailand. The high prevalence of obesity was found in this study (42.94%). In addition, misperception of owner on evaluation of body conformation may lead to lack of concern and being an obstacle for weight control regimen. Some laboratory parameters may be used as a diagnostic tool to promote awareness of the owners. Canine obesity should be considered as a part of basic health program and client education is needed in order to have successful control of canine obesity.