Abstract:
Astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant, is widely used as a dietary supplement to promote several health benefits. However, the effects of long-term supplementation on general biological parameters in healthy adults is still insufficient. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week astaxanthin supplementation on blood glucose, lipid profile and hematological parameters in healthy volunteers. Thirty-three healthy participants (16 in the experimental group and 17 in the placebo group) were enrolled in the study. The participants in the experimental group were supplemented with 4 mg/day of astaxanthin while those in the placebo group were supplemented with soybean oil capsule for 12 weeks. Body mass index and blood pressure were recorded, and blood sample was collected to determine serum astaxanthin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid parameters, and hematological parameters before and after the supplementation. Moreover, the daily dietary intake was assessed by 3-day food record, and adverse effects during supplementation were investigated. After astaxanthin supplementation, serum astaxanthin concentration significantly increased from baseline (p < 0.05), and significantly 5-fold higher than those in the placebo group (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in FBG, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from baseline after 12-week supplementation in both groups. Although significant increased triglyceride level was found in the experimental group at week 12 (p < 0.05), the level was still in the reference range. No differences in FBG and lipid parameters at week 12 between groups were observed. In this study, most of hematological parameters were not affected by astaxanthin supplementation. Interestingly, the results showed reduced total energy and carbohydrate intakes of the participants in the experimental group at week 12 (p < 0.05), and their sodium intake was significantly lower than those in the placebo group (p < 0.05). No serious adverse effects were reported. Red stool, mild itching and loosing appetite occurred and then became better without discontinuing the supplementation. The findings suggested no effects on general biological parameters and potential dietary intake-lowering effect of astaxanthin in healthy individuals.
