Use of bubaline fibrin glue for the treatment of periodontitis in experimental rats

Abstract

Periodontitis is the chronic inflammation of the periodontal structures resulting in teeth loss. The use of hemostatic agents, sealants or wound healing promoter is now focusing as an alternative prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the bubaline fibrin glue in the treatment of periodontitis in the rat model. Rats were divided into three groups: control (C), ligation without treatment (L), and ligation with bubaline fibrin glue treatment (LB) groups. The periodontitis was induced by 5-0 silk ligature placed around the mandibular first molars. LB group received topical application of the bubaline fibrin glue in the periodontal pocket. The parameters in this study were clinical examination (plaque index; PI gingival index; GI and mobility Index; MI), histological analysis (histological bone loss, histological attachment loss, and inflammation score), and cytokine gene expression analysis (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, PDGF-A, and TGF-β1). The observations on the aforementioned parameters of L and LB groups were scheduled at 1, 7, 8, 14, and 21 days post ligation (DPL). Moreover, microbiological analysis (bacterial strains and total bacterial count and disc diffusion assay) was examined in L group at 0, 7, and 21 DPL.

The results showed 11 aerobic bacterial strains. Corynebacterium was the most predominate (8/24) followed by Staphylococcal bacteria (5/24). The number of total bacterial count showed significant difference (P<0.05) between 0 and 7 DPL and between 7 and 21 DPL, but not between 0 and 21 DPL (P≥0.05). The disc diffusion assay showed the bubaline fibrin glue had a potential antimicrobial activity against 6 bacterial strains (6/11). The LB group did not show the significant difference of PI, GI, and MI when compared with those of the L group. The levels of histological bone loss, histological attachment loss, and inflammation score were lower in the LB group when compared with the L group. For the cytokine gene expression, the LB group had the lower number of IL-1β and TNF-α but the higher number of IL-10, PDGF-A, and TGF-β1 gene expression when compared with the L group. In conclusion, the bubaline fibrin glue might be an alternative material for preventing the progress of the periodontal diseases.