A Comparison of gender equality perception in workplace among different gender-type sport federations in Indonesia

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the perception of gender equality between male and female staff across three different sport federations. Sports have been stereotyped with genders for decades. In this thesis, three different sport federations were selected as a representative of different genders where football was a representative of masculine, gymnastic was a representative of feminine, and badminton was a representative of neutral. Not only were these three sport federations stereotyped with genders, these three sports were also very famous among Indonesian population. The study employed a mixed-method research design where a survey and an in-depth interview were used. 390 staff between 20-50 years old were recruited to take a survey, while 12 participants was purposively selected for an in-depth interview. The interviewees included members of board of director and key position employees in these three sport federations. A two-way ANOVA was employed for statistical analysis where two main factors were gender and sport federation. The results showed that the overall perception of gender equality had no significant interaction between genders (male or female) and sport federations (football, gymnastic, or badminton), F (2,379) = 0.806, p = 0.447, η2 = 0.004. For the main effect analysis, the results indicated no significant main effect for sport federation, F (2,379) = 0.580, p = 0.560, η2 = 0.003, but significant main effect for gender, F (1,379) = 4.311, p = 0.039, η2 = 0.011. The statistical results echoed the qualitative analysis results where different genders perceived different gender equality differently. Related to the results, gender equality has been shaped by the behaviors and roles of its gender and the perception can be different among the gender types.