Multi-level perspective analysis ofthe automobility regime: opportunity for new mobility concepts

Abstract

The car-dominated transport system, known as automobility, poses significant sustainability challenges. Shifting from car ownership to access-based services, such as Mobility as a Service (MaaS), is crucial. However, in developing countries like Thailand where car dominance prevails, achieving widespread adoption of new mobility concepts requires substantial changes in socio-technical regimes.

This study addressed these gaps by analyzing the automobility regime and adoption of new mobility concepts in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR). An exploratory research designs using qualitative approach were adopted. A comprehensive review of related literature and secondary data analysis, combined with in-depth interviews of stakeholders (N = 31), were conducted using a thematic analysis to identify dynamics in the existing regime. A semi-structure interview with commuters (N = 35) was also conducted to investigate factors that impact commuters’ decision about using MaaS.

The findings indicate that certain landscape developments support the prevailing car-centric transportation system, strengthening the mechanisms that maintain the status quo. However, the study also identified landscape dynamics that challenge the existing regime, as well as mechanisms that can potentially disrupt it. The study discusses interventions to leverage these mechanisms, encouraging the shift away from private vehicle ownership and promoting new mobility concepts. These interventions include making private car usage more difficult, forming influencer partnerships, revising industry promotion policies, and prioritizing the attractiveness of public transport. Additionally, key beliefs influencing MaaS adoption were also identified and categorized into platform functions, ease of service, perceived benefits, additional factors, and social factors.

To ensure the successful and sustainable implementation of MaaS in the BMR, a comprehensive roadmap was also proposed, involving short-term initiatives such as pedestrianizing city centers and incentives for early adopters, mid-term soft launches in designated areas, and long-term campaigns to popularize MaaS. By addressing challenges and seizing opportunities, this roadmap aims to achieve a transformative shift towards sustainable transportation in the BMR.

In conclusion, there is an opportunity to drive a shift towards new mobility concepts and steer the current automobility regime towards a more sustainable transportation system. However, achieving this transition will be challenging and require significant policy interventions.