Respiratory symptoms in relation to air conditioning and dampness in homes and workplaces among the office workers in Male, Maldives

Abstract

Respiratory symptoms in relation to air conditioning (AC) and dampness in homes and workplaces have been reported in various studies from different locations. Although the etiology remains unknown, the aging of ventilation systems, improper maintenance of the air conditioners, water leaks or water damage and mold growth in the buildings are some of the factors possibly related to respiratory symptoms and illnesses. This was a cross-sectional study aimed to find out the associations of home and workplace air conditioning and dampness with respiratory symptom and illness prevalence among adults residing in Malé, the capital of the Maldives. Participants were workers at government and private-sector offices. Data were collected during March 2010 using a self administered questionnaire at the participants‟ offices. A total of 353 questionnaires were returned. Symptom and illness prevalences were the dependent (outcome) variables in this study (total 11 outcomes, including cough, phlegm from the chest, wheezing and shortness of breath). The 25 independent variables were grouped into socio-demographic characteristics, home environmental characteristics and workplace characteristics. Each independent variable was analyzed against each dependent variable in a bivariate analysis. Multiple logistic models were then constructed for all outcomes for which p≤0.15 for home AC and/or home dampness in bivariate analysis. These models also included other independent variables for which p≤0.15. In these models, prevalences of cough, phlegm, and doctor-diagnosed sinus trouble were positively associated with presence of home AC. Respectively, these associations were statistically significant (p=0.030), marginally significant (p=0.054), and non-significant (p=0.292). Other types of prevalence were not appreciably associated with presence of home AC. In these models, prevalences of cough, phlegm, wheeze, shortness of breath, rhinitis and eye irritation at home were also positively associated with home dampness. Except for shortness of breath, which was non-significant (p=0.352), all the other 5 symptoms showed statistically significant associations with home dampness (p<0.05). In this study home AC and home dampness were both shown to be respiratory risk factors. Home dampness was a stronger risk factor than home AC. Further research is needed to determine the generalizability of these findings and to identify specific ways by which to reduce indoor environmental exposures that are harmful to respiratory health.