Effects of Antidesma acidum crude extract on oxidative stress in cats with spontaneous chronic renal failure

Abstract

The effects of crude extract of Antidesma acidum in cats with spontaneous chronic renal failure were performed. Thirty cats were assigned into 3 groups accordings to the International Renal Interest Society, 10 cats in the clinically normal group (creatinine levels < 1.6 mg/dl), 10 cats in the mild azotemia group (creatinine levels 1.6-2.8 mg/dl) and 0 cats in the moderate azotemia group (creatinine levels 2.9-5.0 mg/dl). Each group was randomly divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup 1 received placebo and subgroup 2 received the crude extract of Antidesma acidum 120 mg/kg per oral, once daily for 56 days. Blood collection was performed every 2 weeks for 10 consecutive weeks. Blood hematology was determined. The blood chemistries were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The oxidative stress markers were tested using blood reduced glutathione (GSH), blood oxidizing glutathione (GSSG) and the erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activity. Teh results demonstrated that the moderate azotemia cats received the crude extract of Antidesma acidum had significantly decrease in ALT levels (day 42, 56 and 70), ALP levels (day 56 and 70) and creatinine levels (day 28 and 42). The mild and moderate azotemia cats received the crude extract of Antidesma acidum had the trend to increase in GSH levels (day 56). In conclusion, the crude extract of Antidesma acidum significantly decreased ALT, ALP, creatinine levels and inhibited the glutathione depletion. The exact mechanisms of how the crude extract of Antidesma acidum effects on the oxidative stress in cats with moderate azotemia remains to be investigated.