Neutralization of Naja kaouthia venom by Trigonostemon reidioides Craib. and Areca catechu Linn. extract in mice

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of Trigonostemon reidioides Craib. and Areca catechu Linn. on lethality and myotoxicity of Naja kaouthia venom in mice. In neutralization study, the filtrate of water extracts from each plant or mixed-plants was preincubated with N.kaouthia venom at 37 degree celsius, 1 hr prior to intramuscular injection to mice. It was found that water extract from A.catechu or mixed-plants showed neutralization activity. A.catechu extract at dose 0.2 mg/mouse can protect 100 % of mice receiving the LD[subscript 100] dose (8 [mu]g/mouse) of N.kaouthia venom. Mixed-plant extract (T.reidioides:A.catechu) at a dose ratio of 2.4:0.8 mg/mouse prolonged the survival time of mice receiving LD[subscript 100] of venom. It increased % survival of mice from 0% to 66.67%. The extract of T.reidioides did not have the neutralization activity. In anti-lethal activity study, water extract (with/without filtration) andethanol extract from each plant or mixed-plants were administered orally at 1, 2 or 3 hr or immediately before or immediately after injection of N.kaouthia venom (6 [mu]g/mouse). When given 1 hr prior to the venom injection, only the unfiltered water extract of mixed-plants (T.reidioides:A.catechu) at a dose ratio of 0.6:0.2 mg/mouse and 1.2:0.4 mg/mouse increased % survival of mice from 6.25% of control to 18.75% and 31.25%, respectively. This water extract at dose 1.2:0.4 mg/mouse also decreased creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity induced by N.kaouthia venom (4 [mu]g/mouse) from 2632 +- 498 units/L to 585 +- 139 units/L. In conclusion, preparation of T.reidioides and A.catechu can inhibit lethality and myotoxicity of N.kaouthia venom.