Preparation and glucosamine release studies of glucosamine-loade calcium alginate-derivatized chitosan particles

Abstract

Submicron biopolymeric particles prepared from polyelectrolyte complex between calcium, alginate, and chitosan of N-butyl chitosan were prepared with the aim to entrap water- soluble glucosamine hydrochloride (GH). N-butyl chitosan was synthesized by reductive alkylation using butyraldehyde, with degree of substitution (DS) of 46%. The particle size was in a range of 300-400 nm with zeta potentials of -26 to -29 mV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to reveal N-butyl chitosan shell surrounding alginate core. Using N-butyl chitosan with high degree of butylation led to an increase in GH loading efficiency of up to 67%. GH release profile exhibited burst effect in 3 h. Then the release rate decreased slowly and reached equilibrium after 6 h of incubation in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 37℃ The GH-loaded particles were formulated in gel form by mixing into carbopol gel. Simulated skin permeation study of GH from particle in gel using cellulose acetate membrane with pore size 0.2 µm shown that GH was continuously released up to 8 h. After 12 h, GH was slowly released until constant. Finally. physical was evaluated at room temperature. The particle size was found to be significantly larger after storing in the gel for more than 7 days, suggesting aggregation of particles.