Property of polysaccharide gel from durian as dressing preparations and its effect on wound healing in dog skin

Abstract

The dressing preparations of polysaccharide gel (PG) extracted from fruit-hulls of durian (Durio zibethinus L.) were prepared as a PG dressing film and fiber dressing patch. PG dressing film with 15% w/w propylene glycol based on PG as a plasticizer was prepared by casting/solvent evaporation method. The PG dressing films were a transparent thin film, colorless to pale beige in color. The mechanical properties of PG dressing films were investigated. The results indicated that PG dressing film with plasticizer was softer, tougher and more flexible than those without plasticizer. The PG dressing film also showed swelling and bioadhesive properties. PG fiber dressing patch was prepared by using freeze-dryer. The PG fiber dressing patch prepared by freeze-drying, using 1% PG aqueous solution, provided tha most satisfactory dried fiber peoduct. The resulting product was a soft, tough and thick fiber, white in color. Study of the properties of PG dressing film and fiber dressing patch were found that both forms of PG dressing contain moisture and also absorbed moisture from environment. An effect of the PG preparations on wound healing in open excisional wounds was performed in dog skin. Four adult and healthy female dogs, weighing 12-15 kg, were used in this experiment. Eight full-thickness wounds of 2 cm in diameter were operated on both side of vernal midline. All wounds in each dog were randomly treated by 4 treatments. Wounds in group 1 treated with 1% povidone iodine (control), group 2 treated with PG dressing film (T[subscript 1]), group 3 treated with PG fiber dressing patch (T[subscript 2]) and group 4 treated with 1% povidone iodine and covered with commercial dressing film-Opsite(R) Flexigrid (T[subscript 3]). All wounds were covered with sterile gauze. Subsequently, the performance of wound healing was evaluated by gross pathology on days 3, 6, 12, 15, 18 and 21 postoperative days. Each wound area was calculated using a computer program. The results demonstrated that a rapid healing rate was obtained in T[subscript 2], the PG fiber dressing patch treated wounds clearly showed statistic significantly faster wound closure and smaller wwound area (p<0.05) than that of control on days 12 and 15. However, a significant smaller wound are (p is less than or equal to 0.05) was obtained in wounds treated with PG dressing film and PG fiber dressing patch than that of wounds in control and T[subscript 3] on days 18 and 21. Wounds treated with PG fiber dressing patch (T[subscript 2]) represented 100% complete wound healing on days 21 whereas wounds treated with 1% povidone iodine (C), PG dressing film (T[subscript 1]) and 1% povidone iodine and covered with Opsite(R) Flexigrid film (T[subscript 3]) were 50.0%, 87.5% and 37.5%, respectively. Histopathological study of tissue reaction was examined on days 21. The results demonstrated that both PG dressing preparations treated wounds showed mild epidermal regeneration, mild dermal fibrosis and less inflammation represented by no remarkable lesion of subacute suppurative dermatitis and less of pyogranuloma formation than those wounds treated with 1% povidone iodine (C) and 1% povidone iodine and covered with commercial film-Opsite(R) Flexigrid (T[subscript 3]). The results indicated that PG dressing preparations represented the properties of ideal wound dressing by maintaining a moist environment, rapidly healing wounds, and promoting wound healing by reducing the inflammation and tissue reaction, promoting epithelalization and dermal fibrosis. The results suggest that PG dressing preparations, PG dressing film and PG fiber dressing patch, where effectively used as a wound dressing for healing open excisional wounds in dog skin better than those of traditionsl treatment and treatment with commercial available dressing film.