Annual influenza vaccination aims to prevent influenza virus infection thus reduce the incidence of infection and disease in humans. Nowadays, Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell culture-based system has been approved ...

Introduction: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has emerged as an important infectious disease in immunocompromised patients, especially those who are post-liver transplanted (LT). Reported HEV seroprevalence rates in general ...

Seasonal influenza viruses commonly cause respiratory disease and have a considerable impact on public health threats which annually estimates 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness worldwide. The triggering of the seasonal ...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a serious public health problem affecting 170 million carriers worldwide. It is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer and is the primary cause for liver transplantation. ...

Acute respiratory tract illness is respiratory diseases that affect the air passages frequently occurs in rainy and winter seasons causing many diseases such as common cold, pneumonia, bronchitis, and asthma exacerbation. ...

Many infectious diseases have been well recognized caused by several genotypes of human enterovirus species which significantly in public health. Publications worldwide have reported on the emerging and re-emerging of ...

Biliary atresia (BA) is one of the most common causes of neonatal cholestasia. The etiology of BA remains mysterious. Lack of reliable noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers of BA may leads to delayed diagnosis and worse patient ...

The methods used for species differentiation of filarial nematodes are Giemsa stain and acid phosphatase activity. Although both methods are practical, they require fresh samples to perform. They also require an expert to ...