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Though fish sauce has been produced in Thailand for about 70 years, the method of production is still primitive with no further development. Fish sauce is a well aged fermented salted fish product which is a popularly known condiment to Thai people. It is a clear reddish brown liquid obtained from salted fish which has been kept in the container to undergo fermentation so that characteristic aroma and flavor are developed, the liquid is then drawn off as fish sauce. The residue is then mixed with saturated brine and kept for further fermentation for a period of time then the liquid will be drawn off again as the second grade fish sauce. The process is repeated several times to get the third, fourth and fifth grade fish sauce until no flavor is left in the residue. The residue left is then sold to the farmer as fertilizer. At present there are two big factories which are well equipped with appropriate machinery to facilitate their production. These two factories are situated in Cholburi Province. Regarding the fish which is the main raw material in fish sauce production both marine and fresh water fish can be used. The marine fish commonly used are Stolephorus indicus, Stolephorus Tri, Sardinell perforate and some other small marine fish, the fresh water fish commonly use is Cirrhina Spp. At present fresh water fish are gradually decreasing in quantity each year. So factories producing fish sauce from this king of fish are also gradually diminishing . From statistic studied there are 93 fish sauce factories all over the country registered with the Ministry of Industry. Cholburi, Rayong, Samuthprakarn, Samuthsongkram, Samuthsakorn and Rajburee are Provinces where fish sauce factories are situated. Among the above – mentioned provinces Rajburee is the only province which produces fish sauce from fresh water fish. There is no single factory producing fish sauce by fermentation in Bangkok. Instead, the factories in Bangkok produce their fish sauce by mixing various kinds of fish sauce which have been purchased from factories in the provinces. Bangkok is also the center in selling and distributing the fish sauce to every part of the country even to other countries. At present the cost of production of fish sauce is showing a tendency to increase, due to the increase in the cost of raw materials (fish, salt etc.) wages, factory overhead expenses, fuel, transportation and the cost of other implements. Apart from these, a large amount of money has to be invested in fish sauce production. This is due to long fermentation time which take about 1 year for fish sauce to be produced. Producerstry to reduce their production cost by mixing their fish sauce with other low cost ingredients such as BX which is a brown liquid from Mono Soduim Glutamate factory. In doing this care must be taken in choosing the ingredient as some of the ingredient may be dangerous to consumers’ health. For preventive measures and for consumers’ protection, the Ministry of public Health has already issues a regulation on quality of fish sauce to be produced and sold in the country. All manufacturers who produce fish sauce must conform to the specification laid down in the regulation. Anyone who fails to do so is subject to punishment. The Thai Industrial Standard Institute (TISI) under the aegis of the ministry of Industry, is another government office which has duty in encouraging local industries to produce the quality up to standard laid down by the Institute can apply for The TISI’s certification. This ear also be regarded as one way of consumers protection. With regard to the sale of fish sauce, the popular practice is to fill it in glass bottles of 700-745 millilitres each. Retail price of fish sauce of extra special quality fish sauce is 20-25 baht per bottle, while the price of ordinary quality is 12-15 baht, middle quality 6-8 baht and poor quality 2.50-5.00 baht per bottle. As manufacturers try to reduce the production cost by adulterating fish sauce with other raw materials, the government therefore decides to take action to control production in order to maintain quality standard. This makes it impossible for manufacturers to reduce The production cost by training workers to increase productivity. In the long run, for factory expansion, the use of labour-saving devices to reduce the number of workers should be considered. For factories which already posaess lobour-saving devices, maintenance and repair of the machinery should constantly be undertaken so that the work can reach its maximum capacity, which will result in the reduction of unit cost of production. Another way to reduce production cost is to abandon the use of the glassy-looking paper for wrapping the bottles. From such various ways of cost-saving, consumers would then be able to afford good quality fish sauce since the selling price would come within theirs means. |
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